Month: January 2023

Gramine Derivatives Targeting Ca²⁺ Channels and Ser/Thr Phosphatases: A New Dual Strategy for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases was written by Lajarin-Cuesta, Rocio;Nanclares, Carmen;Arranz-Tagarro, Juan-Alberto;Gonzalez-Lafuente, Laura;Arribas, Raquel L.;Araujo de Brito, Monique;Gandia, Luis;de los Rios, Cristobal. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.HPLC of Formula: 10297-05-9 This article mentions the following:

We describe the synthesis of gramine derivatives and their pharmacol. evaluation as multipotent drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. An innovative multitarget approach is presented, targeting both voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels, classically studied for neurodegenerative diseases, and Ser/Thr phosphatases, which have been marginally aimed, even despite their key role in protein τ dephosphorylation. Twenty-five compounds were synthesized, and mostly their neuroprotective profile exceeded that offered by the head compound gramine. In general, these compounds reduced the entry of Ca²⁺ through VGCC, as measured by Fluo-4/AM and patch clamp techniques, and protected in Ca²⁺ overload-induced models of neurotoxicity, like glutamate or veratridine exposures. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these compounds decrease τ hyperphosphorylation based on the maintenance of the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity and their neuroprotection against the damage caused by okadaic acid. Hence, we propose this multitarget approach as a new and promising strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9HPLC of Formula: 10297-05-9).

1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organoiodine compounds occur widely in organic chemistry, but are relatively rare in nature. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.HPLC of Formula: 10297-05-9

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Self-Assembling Supramolecular Hybrid Hydrogel Beads was written by Piras, Carmen C.;Slavik, Petr;Smith, David K.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020.Name: 4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene This article mentions the following:

With the goal of imposing shape and structure on supramol. gels, we combine a low-mol.-weight gelator (LMWG) with the polymer gelator (PG) calcium alginate in a hybrid hydrogel. By imposing thermal and temporal control of the orthogonal gelation methods, the system either forms an extended interpenetrating network or core-shell-structured gel beads-a rare example of a supramol. gel formulated inside discrete gel spheres. The self-assembled LMWG retains its unique properties within the beads, such as remediating Pd^II and reducing it in situ to yield catalytically active Pd⁰ nanoparticles. A single PdNP-loaded gel bead can catalyze the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, constituting a simple and easy-to-use reaction-dosing form. These uniquely shaped and structured LMWG-filled gel beads are a versatile platform technol. with great potential in a range of applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (cas: 5460-32-2Name: 4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene).

4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene (cas: 5460-32-2) belongs to iodide derivatives. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. Organoiodine lubricants can be used with titanium, stainless steels, and other metals which tend to seize up with conventional lubricants: organoiodine lubricants can be used in turbines and spacecraft, and as a cutting oil in machining.Name: 4-Iodo-1,2-dimethoxybenzene

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Dichloroiodoisocyanuric acid: a new reagent for regioselective coiodination of alkenes and iodination of activated arenes was written by Ribeiro, Rodrigo da Silva;Esteves, Pierre M.;de Mattos, Marcio C. S.. And the article was included in Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society in 2012.Application of 3268-21-1 This article mentions the following:

Dichloroiodoisocyanuric acid was prepared in 93% by heating trichloroisocyanuric acid with 1.05 mol equivalent of iodine. This new reagent is very efficient for regioselective electrophilic iodination of activated arenes. Alkenes react with dichloroiodoisocyanuric acid in the presence of oxygenated nucleophiles (water, alcs., and acetic acid), leading to the corresponding iodohydrins, β-iodoethers and β-iodoacetates with reaction times of less than one minute and with a high degree of regioselectivity. Enol ethers resulted in the regioselective formation of the corresponding iodine-dialkylacetals. Exptl. results and DFT calculations showed that dichoroiodoisocyanuric acid is more reactive with unsaturated systems than triiodoisocyanuric acid. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Diiodo-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene (cas: 3268-21-1Application of 3268-21-1).

1,4-Diiodo-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene (cas: 3268-21-1) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Application of 3268-21-1

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

4-Alkylated Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes with Cytotoxic Effects in Leukemia Cells was written by Sandtorv, Alexander H.;Leitch, Calum;Bedringaas, Siv Lise;Gjertsen, Bjorn Tore;Bjorsvik, Hans-Rene. And the article was included in ChemMedChem in 2015.Electric Literature of C3H2I2N2 This article mentions the following:

Computational chem. has shown that backbone-alkylated imidazoles ought to be efficient ligands for transition metal catalysts with improved carbene-to-metal donation. In this work, such alkylated imidazoles were synthesized and complexed with silver(I) by means of an eight/nine-step synthetic pathway we devised to access a new class of biol. active silver complexes. The synthesis involves selective iodination of the imidazole backbone, followed by Sonogashira coupling to replace the backbone iodine. The installed alkyne moiety is then subjected to reductive hydrogenation with Pearlman’s catalyst. The imidazole N1 atom is arylated by the palladium-catalyzed Buchwald N-arylation method. The imidazole N3 position was then methylated with Me iodine, whereupon the synthesis was terminated by complexation of the imidazolium salt with silver(I) oxide. The synthetic pathway provided an overall yield of ≈ 20 %. The resulting complexes were tested in vitro against HL60 and MOLM-13 leukemic cells, two human-derived cell lines that model acute myeloid leukemia. The most active compounds exhibiting low IC₅₀ values of 14 and 27 μΜ against HL60 and MOLM-13 cells, resp. The imidazole side chain was found to be essential for high cytotoxicity, as the imidazole complex bearing a C₇ side chain at the 4-position was four- to sixfold more potent than the corresponding imidazole elaborated with a Me group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9Electric Literature of C3H2I2N2).

4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.Electric Literature of C3H2I2N2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

2-[(Neopentyl glycolato)boryl]phenyl Triflates and Halides for Fluoride Ion-Mediated Generation of Functionalized Benzynes was written by Ikawa, Takashi;Yamamoto, Rika;Takagi, Akira;Ito, Toyohiro;Shimizu, Kazunori;Goto, Masahiko;Hamashima, Yoshitaka;Akai, Shuji. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2015.HPLC of Formula: 207115-22-8 This article mentions the following:

2-[(Neopentyl glycolato)boryl]phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) and halides were developed as new benzyne precursors, which generated benzynes at 120° in the presence of a fluoride ion. There were two major features of these types of precursors. First, they generated benzynes bearing various reactive functional groups, such as carbonyl, cyano, bromo, and primary amino groups. Second, these precursors were directly synthesized through either the palladium-catalyzed Miyaura borylation of 2-iodophenol derivatives or ortho-selective iodination of the corresponding boronic acids as key steps without using any protecting groups. The in-situ-generated benzynes underwent [4+2], (3+2) and [2+2] cycloadditions to give the benzo-fused multicyclic compounds while maintaining such functional groups. In particular, 4-aminobenzyne was generated for the first time and underwent the Diels-Alder reaction with the free primary amino group remaining intact. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8HPLC of Formula: 207115-22-8).

4-Bromo-2-iodophenol (cas: 207115-22-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. Organoiodine lubricants can be used with titanium, stainless steels, and other metals which tend to seize up with conventional lubricants: organoiodine lubricants can be used in turbines and spacecraft, and as a cutting oil in machining.HPLC of Formula: 207115-22-8

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Ortholithiation of unprotected benzoic acids: application for novel 2-chloro-6-substituted benzoic acid syntheses was written by Gohier, Frederic;Castanet, Anne-Sophie;Mortier, Jacques. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2005.Formula: C7H4ClIO2 This article mentions the following:

2-Chloro-6-substituted benzoic acids were prepared by the tandem metalation sequence from 2-chlorobenzoic acid with the 1:1 complex sec-butyllithium/TMEDA in THF at -78°C followed by quenching with electrophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Chloro-6-iodobenzoic acid (cas: 13420-63-8Formula: C7H4ClIO2).

2-Chloro-6-iodobenzoic acid (cas: 13420-63-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. Organoiodine lubricants can be used with titanium, stainless steels, and other metals which tend to seize up with conventional lubricants: organoiodine lubricants can be used in turbines and spacecraft, and as a cutting oil in machining.Formula: C7H4ClIO2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Dendritic Zirconium-Peroxotungstosilicate Hybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Use as Recoverable and Reusable Sulfide Oxidation Catalysts was written by Jahier, Claire;Mal, Sib Sankar;Kortz, Ulrich;Nlate, Sylvain. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2010.Name: 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane This article mentions the following:

Dendrimer-containing polyoxometalates (DENDRIPOMs) were synthesized by coupling zirconium-peroxotungstosilicate [Zr₂(O₂)₂(SiW₁₁O₃₉)₂]^12- with ammonium dendrons by electrostatic bonding. These DENDRIPOMs were successfully characterized by standard physicochem. techniques (e.g. IR and NMR spectroscopy and MS), and they represent the 1st examples of dendritic POMs based on zirconium-substituted polytungstates. The data obtained are consistent with structures in which the anionic POM is surrounded by cationic ammonium dendrons. In contrast to the potassium salt of [Zr₂(O₂)₂(SiW₁₁O₃₉)₂]^12-, the dendritic counterparts are soluble in common organic solvents, an important feature for the use of DENDRIPOMs in homogeneous catalysis. The authors’ DENDRIPOMs are stable, efficient, recoverable, and reusable catalysts for the oxidation of sulfides in aqueous/CDCl₃ biphasic media, with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, in contrast to their nondendritic Bu ammonium counterpart. Two cycles of catalytic reactions were performed without any appreciable loss of activity. Also the reaction kinetics and selectivity of the DENDRIPOMs are influenced by the structure of the countercation used. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9Name: 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane).

1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I.Name: 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Dehydroxyalkylative halogenation of C(aryl)-C bonds of aryl alcohols was written by Liu, Mingyang;Zhang, Zhanrong;Liu, Huizhen;Wu, Tianbin;Han, Buxing. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Name: 4-Chloro-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of aromatic halogen compounds Ar-X [Ar = 2-O₂NC₆H₄, 2-furyl, 2-thienyl, etc.; X = Cl, Br, I] were prepared using environmentally benign mol. oxygen as oxidant and Cu-based catalysts-mediated side-directed dehydroxyalkylative halogenation of aryl alcs. C(aryl)-C bonds of aryl alcs. were effectively cleaved and afforded the corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides in excellent yields. Aryl alcs. could served as both aromatic electrophilic and radical synthetic equivalent during the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene (cas: 160938-18-1Name: 4-Chloro-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene).

4-Chloro-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene (cas: 160938-18-1) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organoiodine compounds occur widely in organic chemistry, but are relatively rare in nature. Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the Simmons–Smith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Name: 4-Chloro-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Design, synthesis and SAR of piperidyl-oxadiazoles as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors was written by Xia, Guangxin;You, Xiaodi;Liu, Lin;Liu, Haiyan;Wang, Jianfa;Shi, Yufang;Li, Ping;Xiong, Bing;Liu, Xuejun;Shen, Jingkang. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2013.COA of Formula: C8H7IO2 This article mentions the following:

The potential roles of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome, T2D and obesity were well established and currently several classes of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors have been developed as promising agents against metabolic diseases. To find potent compounds with good pharmacokinetics, the authors used the bioisosterism approach, and designed the compounds I (R = Ph, cyclohexyl) bearing a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring to replace the amide group in compound II. Guided by docking study, they then transformed compound I (R = phenyl) into a potent lead compound III by changing the sulfonamide group to an amide. To elaborate this series of piperidyl-oxadiazole derivatives as human 11β-HSD1 inhibitors, they explored the structure-activity relationship of several parts of the lead compound Based on their potency toward human 11β-HSD1 two compounds IV (R¹ = 2-Me-3-Br-C₆H₃, cyclohexyl) were advanced to pharmacokinetic study. It was found that compounds IV are potent and selective human 11β-HSD1 inhibitors with better pharmacokinetic properties than those of the original piperidine-3-carboxamide compound II, and suitable for further in vivo preclin. study in primate model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Iodo-2-methylbenzoic acid (cas: 133232-56-1COA of Formula: C8H7IO2).

3-Iodo-2-methylbenzoic acid (cas: 133232-56-1) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.COA of Formula: C8H7IO2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Salt-Stabilized Silylzinc Pivalates for Nickel-Catalyzed Carbosilylation of Alkenes was written by Wang, Jixin;Duan, Zhili;Liu, Xingchen;Dong, Shoucheng;Chen, Kaixin;Li, Jie. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 85356-68-9 This article mentions the following:

The authors herein report the preparation of solid and salt-stabilized silylzinc pivalates from the corresponding silyllithium reagents via transmetalation with Zn(OPiv)₂. These resulting organosilylzinc pivalates show enhanced air and moisture stability and unique reactivity in the silylative difunctionalization of alkenes. Thus, a practical chelation-assisted Ni-catalyzed regioselective alkyl and benzylsilylation of alkenes was developed, which provides an easy method to access alkyl silanes with broad substrate scope and wide functional group compatibility. Kinetic experiments highlight that the OPiv-coordination is crucial to improve the reactivity of silylzinc pivalates. Also, late-stage functionalizations of druglike mols. and versatile modifications of the products illustrate the synthetical utility of this protocol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Bromo-4-(2-iodoethyl)benzene (cas: 85356-68-9HPLC of Formula: 85356-68-9).

1-Bromo-4-(2-iodoethyl)benzene (cas: 85356-68-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.HPLC of Formula: 85356-68-9

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com