Category: 60827-45-4

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called New example of spontaneous resolution among aryl glycerol ethers: 3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol, published in 2016-08-15, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, Name is (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, Molecular C3H7ClO2, Electric Literature of C3H7ClO2.

Using a set of simple tests, based on the properties of ideal conglomerate phase diagrams, it was suggested to the conglomerate-formative nature of 3-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol 1. Addnl. arguments were drawn during the study of a single crystal x-ray diffraction study of the compound The crystal packing details were evaluated and discussed. Racemic 1 were resolved into individual (S)- and (R)-components by a preferential crystallization procedure.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol(SMILESS: OC[C@H](O)CCl,cas:60827-45-4) is researched.Category: thiazole. The article 《Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Metoprolol》 in relation to this compound, is published in Yingyong Huaxue. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:60827-45-4).

Enantioenriched (S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and (R)-epichlorohydrin were obtained by a kinetic hydrolysis resolution of racemic epichlorohydrin using (S,S)-salen-cobalt acetate and the synthesis of the target compound [i.e., 99% optically pure (S)-Metoprolol] was achieved by a reaction of 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol with (2S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol and a subsequent amination with 2-propanamine. When (R)-epichlorohydrin was used as a chiral precursor, (S)-Metoprolol was also formed but less optically pure (>92%). The overall product yield 53.9% and the product thus [(-)-Metoprolol, (2S)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-2-propanol] was confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS. This method may be suitable for industrial process adaptation.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Production of (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde from (S)-α-chlorohydrin by boar spermatozoa and the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro, published in 1985-05-31, which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, mainly applied to chlorolactaldehyde formation chlorohydrin sperm, Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4.

The male antifertility agent (S)-α-chlorohydrin  [60827-45-4] was metabolized by mature boar spermatozoa in vitro to (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [86747-03-7]. This oxidative process, which did not occur when (R)-α-chlorohydrin was offered as a substrate, was catalyzed by an NADP-dependent dehydrogenase that converts glycerol  [56-81-5] to glyceraldehyde. (S)-3-Chlorolactaldehyde, produced by this metabolic reaction or when added to suspensions of boar spermatozoa, was a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase  [9028-92-6] as assessed by the accumulation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate and the triose phosphates. When glycerol and (S)-α-chlorohydrin were added concomitantly to boar spermatozoa in vitro, the presence of glycerol decreased the degree of inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Extracts of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase that were obtained from boar spermatozoa incubated with (S)-α-chlorohydrin or (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [84709-24-0] showed significant reductions in their enzymic activity.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Jones, A. R.; Ford, S. A. published the article 《The action of (S)-α-chlorohydrin and 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose on the metabolism of guinea pig spermatozoa》. Keywords: chlorohydrin sperm metabolism; chlorodeoxyglucose sperm metabolism; glycolysis sperm chlorohydrin chlorodeoxyglucose; lactate fructose sperm chlorohydrin chlorodeoxyglucose; fructose lactate sperm chlorohydrin chlorodeoxyglucose.They researched the compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ).Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:60827-45-4) here.

(S)-α-Chlorohydrin  [60827-45-4] inhibited the conversion of D-fructose  [57-48-7] to lactate  [50-21-5] by mature guinea pig spermatozoa in vitro. At 2 mM, there was a specific inhibition of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase  [9001-50-7], resulting in the accumulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate  [488-69-7], dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate  [57-04-5], and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate  [591-59-3] and a concomitant decrease in the concentration of endogenous lactate. (R,S)-[3-36Cl]-α-chlorohydrin was metabolized by the spermatozoa to 3-chlorolactaldehyde  [84709-24-0] of unknown configuration. Exogenous (R,S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [84709-24-0] (2 mM) was an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase in guinea pig spermatozoa, whereas (R)-α-chlorohydrin  [57090-45-6] (10 mM) had no significant effect on the metabolism of fructose. 6-Chloro-6-deoxyglucose  [40656-44-8] (10 mM) inhibited glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase in guinea pig spermatozoa in vitro and was metabolized to 3-chlorolactaldehyde which was presumably the (S)-isomer. The antiglycolytic actions of (S)-α-chlorohydrin and 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose in guinea pig spermatozoa are probably due to the action of a common metabolite, (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde  [86747-03-7].

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Spontaneous resolution among chiral glycerol derivatives: crystallization features of ortho-alkoxysubstituted phenyl glycerol ethers. Author is Bredikhin, Alexander A.; Bredikhina, Zemfira A.; Zakharychev, Dmitry V.; Konoshenko, Larisa V..

Five chiral arylglycerol ethers 2-R-C6H4-O-CH2CH(OH)CH2OH (R = OMe, OEt, OPrn, OPri, OBut) have been prepared in racemic and enantiopure form. The m.ps. and enthalpies of fusion of every species were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Binary phase diagrams were reconstructed for the whole family, the entropies of the mixing of the enantiomers in the liquid state, and Gibbs free energy of formation of the racemic compound, as well as Pettersson i-values were derived from the thermal data. The differences in the phase behavior of the investigated compounds were associated with the conformations of the alkoxy fragments.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Toxicology called The selective neurotoxicity produced by 3-chloropropanediol in the rat is not a result of energy deprivation, Author is Skamarauskas, J.; Carter, W.; Fowler, M.; Madjd, A.; Lister, T.; Mavroudis, G.; Ray, D. E., which mentions a compound: 60827-45-4, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2, Computed Properties of C3H7ClO2.

The biochem. mechanism of toxicity of the exptl. astrocyte neurotoxicant and food contaminant S-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-CPD) has been proposed to be via inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We have confirmed this action in liver, which shows inhibition to 6.0±0.7% control at the neuropathic dose of 140 mg/kg. However, GAPDH activity in brain only fell to a min. of 54±24% control, and the concentrations of lactate and pyruvate (the downstream products of GAPDH), showed no pre-neuropathic decreases in 3-CPD susceptible brain tissue. There was no inhibition of GAPDH activity in primary astrocyte cultures at sub-cytotoxic exposures. We therefore sought alternative mechanisms to explain its toxicity to astrocytes. We were able to show that 3-CPD is a substrate for glutathione-S-transferase and also that, after bioactivation by alc. dehydrogenase, it generates an irreversible inhibitor of glutathione reductase. In addition, incubation of brain slices from the 3-CPD-vulnerable inferior colliculus produces a depletion of glutathione and an inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase that is not seen in equivalent slices taken from the 3-CPD-resistant occipital neocortex. A smaller but significant and similarly regionally selective decrease in glutathione content is also seen in vivo. We conclude that 3-CPD does not produce its astrocytic toxicity via energy deprivation, and suggest that selective bioactivation and consequent disruption of redox state is a more likely mechanism.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Safety of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about The male antifertility activity of 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose. Author is Jones, A. R.; Dobbie, M. S..

6-Chloro-6-deoxy[U-14C]glucose is not metabolized by mature boar spermatozoa nor has it any specific inhibitory action on their metabolic activity in vitro. The compound is metabolized by the male rat and the identification of 2 urinary metabolites as α-chlorohydrin and 3-chlorolactate confirmed that (S)-3-chlorolactaldehyde is produced by this species in vivo. A tissue distribution study revealed that radioactivity from 6-chloro-6-deoxy[U-14C]glucose was more concentrated in rat caudal spermatozoa than in any other of the major tissues.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 60827-45-4, is researched, SMILESS is OC[C@H](O)CCl, Molecular C3H7ClO2Journal, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry called Application of cyclic sulfates in the synthesis of enantiomers of 1-[3-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one, Author is Kulig, Katarzyna; Boba, Agnieszka; Bielejewska, Anna; Gorska, Magdalena; Malawska, Barbara, the main research direction is chlorodihydroxypropane thionyl chloride cyclic sulfate cyclization ring opening condensation; arylpiperazinyl hydroxypropylpyrrolidinone preparation.Related Products of 60827-45-4.

The synthesis of enantiomers of 1-[3-(4-aryl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives, i.e. I, is described. These enantiomers were synthesized starting from (R)- or (S)-1-chloro-2,3-dihydroxypropane using relevant cyclic sulfates as chiral intermediates. The enantiomeric purities of the final compounds were in the range of 99.3-100.0%, as determined by high performance liquid chromatog. The final compounds were found to display moderate potency as ligands for α1-adrenoreceptors.

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Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, is researched, Molecular C3H7ClO2, CAS is 60827-45-4, about Study on acute toxicity of R,S and (R,S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol. Author is Qian, Guoqing; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Guozhou; Yin, Lihong; Liu, Li; Chen, Li; Ling, Xiao; Wang, Xia; Jiang, Songhui; Qu, Weidong.

The aim of the paper was to investigate the acute toxicity of R,S and (R,S)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). Ten, seven and seven groups of sexually mature ICR mice were employed for testing the acute toxicity of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD, at the doses of 176.78 mg/kg, 198.43 mg/kg, 222.73 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 280.61 mg/kg, 314.98 mg/kg, 353.55 mg/kg, 396.84 mg/kg, 445.44 mg/kg, and 499.99 mg/kg for R-3-MCPD, 89.09 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 112.25 mg/kg, 125.99 mg/kg, 141.42 mg/kg, 158.74 mg/kg and 178.18 mg/kg for S-3-MCPD, and 130.25 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 172.75 mg/kg, 198.95 mg/kg, 229.13 mg/kg, 263.88 mg/kg and 303.91 mg/kg for (R,S)-3-MCPD, resp. The mice were given three forms of 3-MCPD once by gavage and observed for 14 days, the LD50 was calculated by the modified Karber’s method, and organ/body weight ratios were measured and morphol. changes of liver and kidney were examined Results showed that the LD50 (95% CI) of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD was 290.54 mg/kg (280.74-300.68), 117.57 mg/kg (113.82-121.45) and 190.73 mg/kg (177.76-204.59), resp. The kidney/weight ratios in R-3-MCPD treated groups were higher than controls at the doses of 250-353.55 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and the brain weight ratios also had an significant increase in the 353.55 mg/kg, 445.44 mg/kg and above doses (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes on organ/body weight ratio of any organs in S-3-MCPD treated groups were observed The kidney/body weight ratio in (R,S)-3-MCPD treated groups increased significantly at the doses of 198.95-303.91 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and the brain weight ratios also had a significant increase at the doses of 229.13-303.91 mg/kg. At the doses of 353.55-499.99mg/kg, R-3-MCPD caused obvious swell of liver cells and the swell and congestion of the liver sinus. At the dose 229.13 mg/kg and above, (R,S)-3-MCPD also induced the swell of liver cells and congestion of the liver sinus. No obvious morphol. change of kidney after administration of R, S and (R,S)-3-MCPD was observed In conclusion, the acute toxicity of S-3-MCPD might be much higher than those of (R,S)-3-MCPD and R-3-MCPD, and both R-3-MCPD and S-3-MCPD seemed to possess neurotoxicity. There is still a lot of research devoted to this compound(SMILES：OC[C@H](O)CCl)Quality Control of (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol, and with the development of science, more effects of this compound(60827-45-4) can be discovered.

Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (2S)-(+)-3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol( cas:60827-45-4 ) is researched.Recommanded Product: 60827-45-4.Kwon, Mi-Ae; Kim, Geon-Joong published the article 《Synthesis of polymeric salen complexes and application in the enantioselective hydrolytic kinetic resolution of epoxides as catalysts》 about this compound( cas:60827-45-4 ) in Catalysis Today. Keywords: polymeric chiral salen cobalt complex preparation epoxide resolution catalyst; terminal epoxide hydrolytic kinetic resolution chiral polymeric salen cobalt; epoxide enantioselective preparation; chiral diol enantioselective preparation. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:60827-45-4).

The polymeric (salen) Co(III) catalysts containing various counter anions have been synthesized, and the asym. catalytic activities of these newly synthesized polymer-type salen complexes were investigated in the HKR of terminal epoxides. The polymeric chiral salen Co(III) complexes catalyze the hydrolysis of epichlorohydrin, 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxyhexane and epoxystyrene with very high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The catalysts could be recovered and reused several times without further treatment after reaction, showing no loss of activity and enantioselectivity.

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Reference:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com