Related Products of 460-37-7, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Rhoden, Kerry J., introduce new discover of the category.
A YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN VARIANT AS AN INTRACELLULAR IODIDE BIOSENSOR IN THYROID CELLS
Iodide is an essential trace element playing a vital role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Circulating iodide is accumulated in the thyroid gland thanks to a specific transporter, the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). NIS-transported radioisotopes are clinically used to diagnose and treat thyroid cancer, and are being evaluated for radiotargeted cancer therapy and nuclear imaging following NIS gene transfer. Current techniques to measure the cellular accumulation of iodide via NIS in vitro include radiotracers and electrophysiological techniques. Fluorescent proteins are gaining popularity as genetically-encoded biosensors of intracellular events. Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (YFPs) are halide-sensitive, and have been used to monitor intracellular chloride concentration and chloride channel activity. In our laboratory, we have evaluated YFP-H148Q/I152L, a YFP variant with a high affinity and selectivity for iodide, as a potential biosensor of intracellular iodide concentration and NIS-mediated transport. YFP-H148Q/I152L can be transiently or stably expressed in cells by transfection with a cDNA-containing plasmid, resulting in a uniform cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution. Live cell imaging techniques permit dynamic changes in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence to be monitored in small groups of cells or single cells. Iodide uptake can be quantified through calibration in a cell-free solution, or in intact cells permeabilized with ion-selective ionophores. Exposure of FRTL-5 thyroid cells to extracellular iodide produces a rapid and reversible decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence consistent with iodide uptake. Iodide is concentrated up to 60-fold with respect to its extracellular concentration. Fluorescence changes are characterized by a (i) high affinity for extracellular iodide in the micromolar range, (ii) inhibition by the NIS inhibitor perchlorate, (iii) dependence on extracellular Na+, and (iv) regulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), suggesting that they are mediated by NIS. Iodide also induces a perchlorate-sensitive decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence in COS-7 cells expressing ectopic NIS, but has no effect in cells lacking NIS. These results demonstrate that YFP-H148Q/I152L is a sensitive biosensor of iodide uptake in cells expressing endogenous and ectopic NIS. Intracellular iodide detection with YFP-H148Q/I152L may be a promising tool to study NIS function in thyroidal and nonthyroidal cells, to investigate the mechanisms underlying defective iodide transport in thyroid disease, and to identify compounds that augment the therapeutic and imaging potential of NIS-transported radioisotopes.
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