Author: Jessica.F

Synthesis and Characterization of Bridged Bithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Acceptor Strength and Ternary Blends was written by Chen, Chiu-Hsiang;Hsieh, Chao-Hsiang;Dubosc, Martin;Cheng, Yen-Ju;Hsu, Chain-Shu. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2010.Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

Six of three-component donor-acceptor random copolymers P1-P6, symbolized as (thiophene donor)_m-(thiophene acceptor)_n, were rationally designed and successfully synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling. The 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b’]dithiophene (CPDT) unit serves as the donor for P1-P4, while the benzothiadiazole (BT), quinoxaline (QU), dithienoquinoxaline, and thienopyrazine (TP) units are used as the acceptor for P1, P2, P3, and P4, resp. P5 and P6 are structurally analogous to P1 and P2 except for using the dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole (DTS) unit as the donor. Because the band gap lowering ability of the acceptor units in the polymer is in the order TP > BT > QU presumably due to the quinoid form population in the polymers, the optical band gaps can be well adjusted to be 1.2, 1.6, and 1.8 eV for P4, P1, and P2, resp. It is found that the two bridged bithiophene units, CPDT and DTS, have similar steric and electronic effects on the P1 and P5 as well as P2 and P6, resp., leading to comparable intrinsic properties and device performances. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC₇₁BM/Ca/Al configuration were fabricated and characterized. Although P4 exhibits the lowest optical band gap, broadest absorption spectrum, and highest mobility, the too low-lying LUMO level hinders the efficient exciton dissociation, resulting in a low PCE of 0.7%. Compared with poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT), random copolymer P1 shows more blue-shifted, broader absorption spectrum, comparable mobility, and a higher PCE of 2.0%. In view of the fact that P1 shows a higher band gap with strong absorption in visible region, while PCPDTBT has a lower band gap to mainly absorb NIR light, a BHJ device with the active layer containing ternary blend of PCPDTBT/P1/PC₇₁BM was investigated and achieved an enhanced PCE of 2.5%, which outperforms the devices based on the binary blending systems of PCPDTBT/PC₇₁BM (PCE = 1.4%) or P1/PC₇₁BM (PCE = 2.0%) under the identical conditions. Such an improvement is ascribed to the complementary absorption and compatible structure of P1 and PCPDTBT polymers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone).

Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone (cas: 474416-61-0) belongs to iodide derivatives. Iodide-containing intermediates are common in organic synthesis, because of the easy formation and cleavage of the C–I bond. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.Safety of Bis(2-iodothiophen-3-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Design and synthesis of azaindole heterocycle decorated new scaffold in fluorometric sensing of F^– and H₂PO₄^– was written by Ghosh, Kumaresh;Ali, Sk. Sarfaraj;Joardar, Soumen. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2020.Product Details of 1227270-32-7 This article mentions the following:

7-Azaindole has been used in designing new mol. structure 1 on enediyne spacer for its application in anion sensing. New structure 1 has been established as efficient fluorescent sensor of H₂PO₄^– and F^– ions in CH₃CN containing 1% DMSO. While in presence of H₂PO₄^– the emission at 418 nm is decreased to the significant extent in nonratiometric fashion, a ratiometric response in presence of F^– is noted with a sharp isoemissive point and two anions are effectively distinguished over a series of other anions tested. A similar study on model compound 2 with indole motifs is done to prove the pivotal role of extra ring nitrogen in azaindole of 1 in the binding process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (cas: 1227270-32-7Product Details of 1227270-32-7).

2-Iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (cas: 1227270-32-7) belongs to iodide derivatives. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine. Iodo alkanes participate in a variety of organic synthesis reactions, which include the Simmons–Smith reaction (cyclopropanation using iodomethane), Williamson ether synthesis, Wittig reaction, Grignard reaction, alkyl coupling reactions, and Wurtz reaction.Product Details of 1227270-32-7

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

One-Pot Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with Trifluoroacetic Acid as CF₃ Source was written by Almeida, Sofia;Marti, Roger;Vanoli, Ennio;Abele, Stefan;Tortoioli, Simone. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H6INO2 This article mentions the following:

A novel and convenient one-pot sequential cascade method for the preparation of 2-trifluoromethylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones, e.g., I, is described. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was employed as inexpensive and readily available CF₃ source, which in the presence of T3P was condensed with a variety of anthranilic acids and amines to provide the products in up to 75% yield. The protocol was proved to be robust on 80 g scale, and the synthetic versatility of the prepared quinazolinon-4-ones was demonstrated by derivatization to further useful building blocks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-4-iodobenzoic acid (cas: 20776-54-9Electric Literature of C7H6INO2).

2-Amino-4-iodobenzoic acid (cas: 20776-54-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.Electric Literature of C7H6INO2

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Acetylenic derivatives of heterocycles. 8. New route to the synthesis of ethynylpyrazoles was written by Vasilevskii, S. F.;Shvartsberg, M. S.;Kotlyarevskii, I. L.. And the article was included in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya in 1971.Name: 5-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole This article mentions the following:

The catalyzed substitution of halogen by an acetylenic group in heterocyclic compounds was applicable to pyrazoles. BuLi and 1-methylpyrazole mixed in the cold and held 1 hr at room temperature, treated with iodine at 5° and made alk. with aqueous NaOH, gave 5-iodo-1-methylpyrazole, which in AcOH-CCl4 with iodine-HIO3 in the presence of 30% H2SO4 gave in 15 min at 75° the 4,5-diiodo analog. 3,4-Diiodopyrazole and Me2SO4 in dioxane-40% NaOH gave 1-methyl-4,5-diiodopyrazole and the 3,4-diiodo analog in nearly equal yields. Similar methylation was used to prepare 3,4,5-triiodo-1-methylpyrazole. The iodopyrazoles and HCCCMe2OCHMeOEt heated at 111-14° with activated powd. Cu and K2CO3 in pyridine gave the appropriately substituted acetylenic derivatives from stoichiometric proportions of reactants used. These acetals were hydrolyzed with 1:3 aqueous HCl 2-3 hr to the acetylenic alcs. which heated with powd. KOH afforded pyrazolylacetylenes in 41-73% yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (cas: 34091-51-5Name: 5-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole).

5-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (cas: 34091-51-5) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles. Polyiodoorganic compounds are sometimes employed as X-ray contrast agents, in fluoroscopy, a type of medical imaging. This application exploits the X-ray absorbing ability of the heavy iodine nucleus.Name: 5-Iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

A Simultaneous Reduction, Substitution, and Self-Assembly Reaction under Hydrothermal Conditions Afforded the First Diiodopyridine Copper(I) Coordination Polymer was written by Lu, Jack Y.;Babb, Amy M.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2002.Application In Synthesis of 5-Iodonicotinic acid This article mentions the following:

A simultaneous reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by pyridinecarboxylate and the substitution of carboxylato groups by iodo nucleophiles in a self-assembly process under hydrothermal conditions afforded a new I-inclusion coordination polymer [CuI(C₅H₃NI₂)·¹/₂I₂] 1. The synthetic studies of the substitution process produced a new supramol. compound [IC₅H₃NCOOH] 2 and revealed that the catalytic properties of Cu ions in redox and substitution reactions under hydrothermal conditions are attractive. Crystal data for [CuI(C₅H₃NI₂)·¹/₂I₂]: triclinic, space group P1̅; cell dimensions a 4.216(1), b 11.254(2), c 12.196(2) Å, α 80.34(3), β 88.44(3), γ 83.10(3)°, Z = 2. Crystal data for [IC₅H₃NCOOH]: monoclinic, space group P2₁/c; cell dimensions a 5.041(1), b 17.313(2), c 8.639(1) Å, β 95.042(2)°, Z = 4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Iodonicotinic acid (cas: 15366-65-1Application In Synthesis of 5-Iodonicotinic acid).

5-Iodonicotinic acid (cas: 15366-65-1) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Application In Synthesis of 5-Iodonicotinic acid

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Small-Molecule Anticonvulsant Agents with Potent In Vitro Neuroprotection and Favorable Drug-Like Properties was written by Smith, Garry R.;Brenneman, Douglas E.;Zhang, Yan;Du, Yanming;Reitz, Allen B.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Neuroscience in 2014.Formula: C6H3F2I This article mentions the following:

Severe seizure activity is associated with reoccurring cycles of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress that result in progressive neuronal damage and death. Intervention with these pathol. processes is a compelling disease-modifying strategy for the treatment of seizure disorders. We have optimized a series of small mols. for neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activity as well as altered their phys. properties to address potential metabolic liabilities, to improve CNS penetration, and to prolong the duration of action in vivo. Utilizing phenotypic screening of hippocampal cultures with nutrient medium depleted of antioxidants as a disease model, cell death and decreased neuronal viability produced by acute treatment with glutamate or hydrogen peroxide were prevented. Modifications to our previously reported proof of concept compounds have resulted in a lead which has full neuroprotective action at <1 nM and antiseizure activity across six animal models including the kindled rat and displays excellent pharmacokinetics including high exposure to the brain. These modifications have also eliminated the requirement for a chiral mol., removing the possibility of racemization and making large-scale synthesis more easily accessible. These studies strengthen our earlier findings which indicate that potent, multifunctional neuroprotective anticonvulsants are feasible within a single mol. entity which also possesses favorable CNS-active drug properties in vitro and in vivo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Difluoro-3-iodobenzene (cas: 64248-57-3Formula: C6H3F2I).

1,2-Difluoro-3-iodobenzene (cas: 64248-57-3) belongs to iodide derivatives. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. The C–I bond is the weakest of the carbon–halogen bonds. These bond strengths correlate with the electronegativity of the halogen, decreasing in the order F > Cl > Br > I. This periodic order also follows the atomic radius of halogens and the length of the carbon-halogen bond.Formula: C6H3F2I

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Metal-Free Hypervalent-Iodine-Promoted C3 Difluorination and C2 Oxidation of N-Substituted Indoles was written by Sun, Xin;Zhao, Xiao-Jing;Wu, Bin. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Computed Properties of C8H7IO4 This article mentions the following:

A metal-free, highly regioselective C3 difluorination and C2 oxidation of N-substituted indoles I (R¹ = 5-Br, 7-Cl, 3,6-F₂, etc.; R² = Bn, 4-ClC₆H₄CH₂, 2,3,5-F₃C₆H₂CH₂, etc.) with the aid of in situ generated PhIF₂ in the presence of two types of fluorinating agents such as Pyr·HF and Et₃N·HF was reported. This reaction provided 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles II with yields up to 64% under mild reaction conditions. A mechanism for this reaction was proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzoate (cas: 338454-02-7Computed Properties of C8H7IO4).

Methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-iodobenzoate (cas: 338454-02-7) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides can be alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl, and all of them are very reactive toward with many kinds of nucleophiles. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Computed Properties of C8H7IO4

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Iron(II)-Catalyzed Heck-Type Coupling of Vinylarenes with Alkyl Iodides was written by Xiong, Haigen;Li, Yajun;Qian, Bo;Wei, Rongbiao;Van der Eycken, Erik V.;Bao, Hongli. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An iron(II)-catalyzed radical alkyl Heck-type reaction of alkyl iodides with vinylarenes under mild conditions has been reported. T-Bu peroxybenzoate (TBPB) behaves simultaneously as a radical relay initiator, a precursor for the generation of alkyl radical from alkyl iodides, and an oxidant to recycle iron(II)/iron(III). Unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides are compatible with the reaction conditions. The mechanistic studies suggest that a radical-polar-crossover pathway might be involved in the catalytic cycle. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9Category: iodides-buliding-blocks).

1-Chloro-4-iodobutane (cas: 10297-05-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Generally organic iodides can be divided into two classes of alkyl iodides and aryl iodides. Typical reactions of alkyl iodides include nucleophilic substitution, elimination, reduction, and the formation of organometallics. In the chemical industry, alkyl iodides serve as excellent alkylating agents and, specifically, methyl iodide is used as a methylating agent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical drugs.Category: iodides-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Synthesis and in vivo brain distribution of carbon-11-labeled δ-opioid receptor agonists was written by Pichika, Rama;Jewett, Douglas M.;Sherman, Philip S.;Traynor, John R.;Husbands, Stephen M.;Woods, James H.;Kilbourn, Michael R.. And the article was included in Nuclear Medicine and Biology in 2010.Application of 77350-52-8 This article mentions the following:

Three new radiolabeled compounds, [¹¹C]SNC80 ((+)-4-[(αR)-α-{(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl}]-3-[¹¹C]methoxybenzyl-N,N-diethylbenzamide), N,N-diethyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl-1-[¹¹C]methylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide and N,N-diethyl-4-[(1-[¹¹C]methylpiperidin-4-ylidene)phenylmethyl]benzamide, were prepared as potential in vivo radiotracers for the δ-opioid receptor. Each compound was synthesized by alkylation of the appropriate desmethyl compounds using [¹¹C]methyl triflate. In vivo biodistribution studies in mice showed very low initial brain uptake of all three compounds and no regional specific binding for [¹¹C]SNC80. A monkey positron emission tomog. study of [¹¹C]SNC80 confirmed low brain permeability and uniform regional distribution of this class of opioid agonists in a higher species. Opioid receptor ligands of this structural class are thus unlikely to succeed as in vivo radiotracers, likely due to efficient exclusion from the brain by the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N,N-Diethyl-4-iodobenzamide (cas: 77350-52-8Application of 77350-52-8).

N,N-Diethyl-4-iodobenzamide (cas: 77350-52-8) belongs to iodide derivatives. In general, organic iodides are light-sensitive and turn yellow during storage, owing to the formation of iodine. Organoiodine lubricants can be used with titanium, stainless steels, and other metals which tend to seize up with conventional lubricants: organoiodine lubricants can be used in turbines and spacecraft, and as a cutting oil in machining.Application of 77350-52-8

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com

Efficient iodination of aromatic compounds using potassium ferrate supported on montmorillonite was written by Keipour, Hoda;Khalilzadeh, Mohammad A.;Mohtat, Bita;Hosseini, Abolfazl;Zareyee, Daryoush. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2011.Application In Synthesis of 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole This article mentions the following:

Potassium ferrate impregnated on montmorillonite is a mild, cheap, and non-toxic reagent for the iodination of phenols, including naphthol, aromatic amines, and heterocyclic substrates in fair to excellent yields by a simple isolation procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9Application In Synthesis of 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole).

4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole (cas: 15813-09-9) belongs to iodide derivatives. Organic iodides are organic compounds containing a carbon-iodine (C-I) bond. The carbon-iodine bond is weaker than other carbon-halogen bonds due to the poor electronegative nature of the iodine atom. Alkyl iodides react at a faster rate than alkyl fluorides due to the weak C-I bond.Application In Synthesis of 4,5-Diiodo-1H-imidazole

Referemce:
Iodide – Wikipedia,
Iodide – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics – ScienceDirect.com