Category: iodides-buliding-blocks

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Iodide kinetics and experimental I-131 therapy in a xenotransplanted human sodium-iodide symporter-transfected human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line

Uptake of iodide is a prerequisite for radioiodide therapy in thyroid cancer. However, loss of iodide uptake is frequently observed in metastasized thyroid cancer, which may be explained by diminished expression of the human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS). We studied whether transfection of hNIS into the hNIS-deficient follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC133 restores the in vivo iodide accumulation in xenografted tumors and their susceptibility to radioiodide therapy. In addition, the effects of low-iodide diets and thyroid ablation on iodide kinetics were investigated. Tumors were established in nude mice injected with the hNIS-transfected cell line FTC133-NIS30 and the empty vector transfected cell line FTC133-V4 as a control. Tumors derived from FTC133-NIS30 in mice on a normal diet revealed a high peak iodide accumulation (17.4% of administered activity, measured with an external probe) as compared with FTC133-V4 (4.6%). Halflife in FTC133-NIS30 tumors was 3.8 h. In mice kept on a low-iodide diet, peak activity in FTC133-NIS30 tumors was diminished (8.1%), whereas thyroid iodide accumulation was increased. In thyroid-ablated mice kept on a low-iodide diet, half-life of radioiodide was increased considerably (26.3 h), leading to a much higher area under the time-radioactivity curve than in FTC133-NIS30 tumors in mice on a normal diet without thyroid ablation. Experimental radioiodide therapy with 2 mCi (74 MBq) in thyroid-ablated nude mice, kept on a low-iodide diet, postponed tumor development (4 wk after therapy, one of seven animals revealed tumor vs. five of six animals without therapy). However, 9 wk after therapy, tumors had developed in four of the seven animals. The calculated tumor dose was 32.2 Gy. We conclude that hNIS transfection into a hNIS-defective thyroid carcinoma cell line restores the in vivo iodide accumulation. The unfavorable iodide kinetic characteristics (short half-life) can be partially improved by conventional conditioning with thyroid ablation and low-iodide diet, leading to postponed tumor development after radioiodide therapy. However, to achieve sufficient radioiodide tumor doses for therapy, further strategies are necessary, aiming at the mechanisms of iodide efflux in particular.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, molecular formula is C8H7IO2. In an article, author is Xu, F,once mentioned of 610-97-9, Computed Properties of C8H7IO2.

Catalysis of novel enzymatic iodide oxidation by fungal laccase

A fungal laccase (Myceliophthora thermophila) has been shown to function as an iodide oxidase. Unlike other halides which interact with the type 2 copper site and are inhibitors for the laccase, iodide interacts with the type 1 copper site and serves as a substrate capable of donating an electron to the laccase. Under anaerobic conditions, the interaction between the laccase and iodide results in the reduction of the laccase type 1 copper and the concomitant oxidation of iodide to form iodide. In aerated solutions, the laccase catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to iodine and the concomitant reduction of dioxygen to water. The reaction exhibits typical Michaelis kinetics with a Km of 0.16 +/- 0.02 M and a k(cat) of 2.7 +/- 0.2 turnovers per min at the optimal pH (3.4). The catalysis can be enhanced by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), which shuttles electrons rapidly between iodide and the laccase. Bilirubin oxidase also demonstrates significant iodide oxidase activity, suggesting that the property could be a common feature for copper-containing oxidases. Possible industrial and medicinal applications for a laccase-based iodine production system are discussed.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 619-58-9, Name is 4-Iodobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Marival-Hodebar, L, once mentioned of 619-58-9, SDS of cas: 619-58-9.

A convenient access to 1,1-difluoroethyl triflate and iodide

1,1-Difluoroethyl triflate obtained from 1,1-difluoroethylene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is converted into its corresponding iodide by the action of iodide anion in diethyl ketone.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 3058-39-7, Name is 4-Iodobenzonitrile, SMILES is N#CC1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Skowron, P., once mentioned of 3058-39-7, Formula: C7H4IN.

The carbon/iodide interface in protic ionic liquid medium for application in supercapacitors

Organic and inorganic iodides dissolved in protic ionic liquid (PIL) were used as source of pseudocapacitance at the activated carbon (AC) electrode/electrolyte interface. The organic iodide solutions were 0.25 mol.L-1 triethylammonium (protic) or tetraethylammonium (aprotic) iodide in triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (PIL) and the inorganic ones 0.2 mol.L-1 potassium or lithium iodides in the same PIL. Experiments in two-electrode AC/AC cells with a silver pseudo-reference electrode demonstrate that the carbon/iodide interface in PIL undergoes redox reactions at around +0.6 V vs. Ag at the positive electrode whatever the iodide solution. The best capacitance properties were given by the KI solution, which allows operating up to 2.0 V with high capacitance value of 189 F.g(-1) and 95% efficiency. Adding organic iodides to PIL resulted in a decrease of voltage from 2.4 V to 1.5 V, but still high capacitance values of 164 F.g(-1) and 151 F.g(-1) were observed for the protic and aprotic iodides, respectively.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 3058-39-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C7H4IN.

Related Products of 450412-29-0, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 450412-29-0, Name is 1-Bromo-3-fluoro-2-iodobenzene, SMILES is FC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Smit, JWA, introduce new discover of the category.

Reestablishment of in vitro and in vivo iodide uptake by transfection of the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) in a hNIS defective human thyroid carcinoma cell line

Uptake of iodide is a prerequisite for radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer. However, loss of iodide uptake is frequently observed in metastasized thyroid cancer, which may be explained by diminished expression of the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS). Strategies to restore iodide uptake in thyroid cancer include the exploration of hNIS gene transfer into hNIS defective thyroid cancer. In this study, we report the stable transfection of a hNIS expression vector into the hNIS defective follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line FTC133. Stablely transfected colonies exhibited high uptake of (NaI)-I-125, which could be blocked completely with sodiumperchlorate. hNIS mRNA expression corresponded with iodide uptake in semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Iodide uptake was maximal after 60 minutes, whereas iodide efflux was complete after 120 minutes, hNIS transfected FTC133 and control cell lines injected subcutaneously in nude mice formed tumors after 6 weeks. Iodide uptake in the hNIS transfected tumor was much higher than in the nontransfected tumor, which corresponded with hNIS mRNA expression in tumors.

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Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, SMILES is O=C(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is QI, PH, introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C8H7IO2.

ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF GOLD IN IODIDE SOLUTIONS

The electrochemistry of gold in different halide solutions, with special emphasis on iodide is presented. The electrochemical techniques used during this investigation included cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. A glassy carbon rotating disk electrode was used to investigate the electrochemistry of the iodide and a gold rotating disk electrode to explore the oxidation behavior of gold in iodide solutions. The effects of iodide concentration, electrode rotation and sweep rate on the electrochemical behavior of gold were examined. In addition, reduction of iodine species at the gold electrode was also investigated. Iodide is shown to be a powerful complexing agent for gold. Cyclic voltammograms of gold in the presence of 10(-2) M chloride, bromide and iodide, respectively, show that the anodic currents for the oxidation of gold in iodide solution are much greater than that in either bromide or chloride. Two oxidation peaks, which represent the oxidations of Au to Au(I) and to Au(III), were observed. It is confirmed that iodide is oxidized sequentially to tri-iodide and then to iodine and both of these reactions are reversible. At high concentrations of iodide and/or a slow scan rate, passivation, which is caused by the formation of solid iodine at the gold electrode surface, was found. The cathodic reduction curves show that reduction of iodide species on gold is a function of iodine concentrations but it is insensitive to iodide concentration.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 610-97-9 is helpful to your research. HPLC of Formula: C8H7IO2.

Related Products of 460-37-7, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Rhoden, Kerry J., introduce new discover of the category.

A YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN VARIANT AS AN INTRACELLULAR IODIDE BIOSENSOR IN THYROID CELLS

Iodide is an essential trace element playing a vital role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Circulating iodide is accumulated in the thyroid gland thanks to a specific transporter, the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). NIS-transported radioisotopes are clinically used to diagnose and treat thyroid cancer, and are being evaluated for radiotargeted cancer therapy and nuclear imaging following NIS gene transfer. Current techniques to measure the cellular accumulation of iodide via NIS in vitro include radiotracers and electrophysiological techniques. Fluorescent proteins are gaining popularity as genetically-encoded biosensors of intracellular events. Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (YFPs) are halide-sensitive, and have been used to monitor intracellular chloride concentration and chloride channel activity. In our laboratory, we have evaluated YFP-H148Q/I152L, a YFP variant with a high affinity and selectivity for iodide, as a potential biosensor of intracellular iodide concentration and NIS-mediated transport. YFP-H148Q/I152L can be transiently or stably expressed in cells by transfection with a cDNA-containing plasmid, resulting in a uniform cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution. Live cell imaging techniques permit dynamic changes in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence to be monitored in small groups of cells or single cells. Iodide uptake can be quantified through calibration in a cell-free solution, or in intact cells permeabilized with ion-selective ionophores. Exposure of FRTL-5 thyroid cells to extracellular iodide produces a rapid and reversible decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence consistent with iodide uptake. Iodide is concentrated up to 60-fold with respect to its extracellular concentration. Fluorescence changes are characterized by a (i) high affinity for extracellular iodide in the micromolar range, (ii) inhibition by the NIS inhibitor perchlorate, (iii) dependence on extracellular Na+, and (iv) regulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), suggesting that they are mediated by NIS. Iodide also induces a perchlorate-sensitive decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence in COS-7 cells expressing ectopic NIS, but has no effect in cells lacking NIS. These results demonstrate that YFP-H148Q/I152L is a sensitive biosensor of iodide uptake in cells expressing endogenous and ectopic NIS. Intracellular iodide detection with YFP-H148Q/I152L may be a promising tool to study NIS function in thyroidal and nonthyroidal cells, to investigate the mechanisms underlying defective iodide transport in thyroid disease, and to identify compounds that augment the therapeutic and imaging potential of NIS-transported radioisotopes.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)F, in an article , author is Yu, ZS, once mentioned of 460-37-7, Name: 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane.

Reactivity of iodide in volcanic soils and noncrystalline soil constituents

Reaction of iodide [I-(aq)] with a series of volcanic-ash soils was compared with reaction onto noncrystalline materials that constitute much of the inorganic fraction of these soils. Our hypothesis is that these high-surface-area materials account for iodide retention by providing sites for anion exchange. Iodide sorption onto imogolite and ferrihydrite is rapid (<30 min) but not particularly extensive; imogolite has a threefold to fourfold greater affinity for iodide compared to ferrihydrite on a mass basis. In contrast, rates of iodide retention by volcanic-ash soils were slow and did not attain a steady-state after 300 h. The extent of this largely irreversible reaction can be attenuated by sterilization, but it cannot be suppressed. The iodide retained by the soils can only be completely recovered by treatment with boiling 2 M sodium hydroxide. The amount of iodide retention by soils was inversely correlated with pH, but showed no relationship with organic matter concentration, surface area, or imogolite and ferrihydrite concentrations. The reaction of iodide with the volcanic-ash soils is consistent with a rapid initial uptake by soil mineral surfaces, followed by a slower reaction of soil organic matter with oxidized forms of iodide. Under our experimental conditions, iodide is likely slowly oxidized by dissolved oxygen to molecular iodine. Solutions of molecular iodine [I-2(aq)] react relatively quickly with laboratory-grade humic acid solutions and the rate increases with increasing pH. The slow rate of iodination is consistent with the continual formation and reaction of I-2(aq) or HOI(aq) by titration with soil organic matter. Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 460-37-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Name: 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane.

88-67-5, Name is 2-Iodobenzoic acid, molecular formula is C7H5IO2, Product Details of 88-67-5, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is HUS, M, once mentioned the new application about 88-67-5.

INVESTIGATION OF ION ADSORPTION ON SILVER SULFIDE, IODIDE AND BROMIDE PRECIPITATES BY THE RADIOACTIVE-TRACER TECHNIQUE

The radioactive tracer method was used to investigate the adsorption of iodide and europium ions from aqueous solution on dried isoelectric precipitates of silver sulfide, silver iodide and silver bromide. The relationship between the amount of iodide ions adsorbed on Ag2S and the iodide ion and HNO3 concentrations in the solution was determined. It was shown that the iodide ions adsorbed on Ag2S could be desorbed with sulfide ions. Using Ag2S, AgI and AgBr precipitates, a relationship between the europium ion adsorption and Eu(NO3)3, H2S, NaI, NaBr and NaCl concentration in solution was established. The adsorption of europium ions was also assessed in respect to the presence of lanthanum and barium ions. For adsorption measurement iodide and europium ions were labeled with their radioactive isotopes and the amounts adsorbed were determined from the measured radioactivities of the precipitates after reaching the equilibrium between the solid phase and the solution.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Recommanded Product: 507-63-1, 507-63-1, Name is Heptadecafluoro-1-iodooctane, SMILES is IC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, in an article , author is Shaikhulina, S, once mentioned of 507-63-1.

Laminated tabular AgBrI grains with gradually varied iodide distribution

This paper reports on a precipitation of laminated type tabular crystals (or double-structure grains with bromide-iodide core covered with bromide shell) and describes some of their properties. This type of crystals has been created by means of physical ripening of fine grained emulsion. The fine grained emulsion has been precipitated by the process allowing to vary smoothly iodide content within each grain. A correlation between iodide concentration in the tabular grain’s core as well as profiles of iodide concentration variation and some photographic features of the crystals are under discussion.

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