Tag: M.W=200-300

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 3058-39-7, Name is 4-Iodobenzonitrile, formurla is C7H4IN. In a document, author is Conti, Amalia, introducing its new discovery. Safety of 4-Iodobenzonitrile.

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, a persistent organic pollutant, inhibits iodide accumulation by thyroid follicular cells in vitro

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) reported to alter thyroid function. Iodide uptake by thyroid follicular cells, an early step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, is a potential target for thyroid disruption by EDCs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctane carboxylic acid (PFOA), two of the most abundant PFAS in the environment, on iodide transport by thyroid follicular cells in vitro. Dynamic changes in intracellular iodide concentration were monitored by live cell imaging using YFP-H148Q/I152, a genetically encoded fluorescent iodide biosensor. PFOS, but not PFOA, acutely and reversibly inhibited iodide accumulation by FRTL-5 thyrocytes, as well as by HEK-293 cells transiently expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). PFOS prevented NIS-mediated iodide uptake and reduced intracellular iodide concentration in iodide-containing cells, mimicking the effect of the NIS inhibitor perchlorate. PFOS did not affect iodide efflux from thyroid cells. The results of this study suggest that disruption of iodide homeostasis in thyroid cells may be a potential mechanism for anti-thyroid health effects of PFOS. The study also confirms the utility of the YFP-H148Q/I152 cell-based assay to screen environmental PFAS, and other EDCs, for anti-thyroid activity.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, molecular formula is C8H7IO2. In an article, author is Xu, F,once mentioned of 610-97-9, Computed Properties of C8H7IO2.

Catalysis of novel enzymatic iodide oxidation by fungal laccase

A fungal laccase (Myceliophthora thermophila) has been shown to function as an iodide oxidase. Unlike other halides which interact with the type 2 copper site and are inhibitors for the laccase, iodide interacts with the type 1 copper site and serves as a substrate capable of donating an electron to the laccase. Under anaerobic conditions, the interaction between the laccase and iodide results in the reduction of the laccase type 1 copper and the concomitant oxidation of iodide to form iodide. In aerated solutions, the laccase catalyzes the oxidation of iodide to iodine and the concomitant reduction of dioxygen to water. The reaction exhibits typical Michaelis kinetics with a Km of 0.16 +/- 0.02 M and a k(cat) of 2.7 +/- 0.2 turnovers per min at the optimal pH (3.4). The catalysis can be enhanced by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), which shuttles electrons rapidly between iodide and the laccase. Bilirubin oxidase also demonstrates significant iodide oxidase activity, suggesting that the property could be a common feature for copper-containing oxidases. Possible industrial and medicinal applications for a laccase-based iodine production system are discussed.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 619-58-9, Name is 4-Iodobenzoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Marival-Hodebar, L, once mentioned of 619-58-9, SDS of cas: 619-58-9.

A convenient access to 1,1-difluoroethyl triflate and iodide

1,1-Difluoroethyl triflate obtained from 1,1-difluoroethylene and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is converted into its corresponding iodide by the action of iodide anion in diethyl ketone.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 3058-39-7, Name is 4-Iodobenzonitrile, SMILES is N#CC1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Skowron, P., once mentioned of 3058-39-7, Formula: C7H4IN.

The carbon/iodide interface in protic ionic liquid medium for application in supercapacitors

Organic and inorganic iodides dissolved in protic ionic liquid (PIL) were used as source of pseudocapacitance at the activated carbon (AC) electrode/electrolyte interface. The organic iodide solutions were 0.25 mol.L-1 triethylammonium (protic) or tetraethylammonium (aprotic) iodide in triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (PIL) and the inorganic ones 0.2 mol.L-1 potassium or lithium iodides in the same PIL. Experiments in two-electrode AC/AC cells with a silver pseudo-reference electrode demonstrate that the carbon/iodide interface in PIL undergoes redox reactions at around +0.6 V vs. Ag at the positive electrode whatever the iodide solution. The best capacitance properties were given by the KI solution, which allows operating up to 2.0 V with high capacitance value of 189 F.g(-1) and 95% efficiency. Adding organic iodides to PIL resulted in a decrease of voltage from 2.4 V to 1.5 V, but still high capacitance values of 164 F.g(-1) and 151 F.g(-1) were observed for the protic and aprotic iodides, respectively.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 3058-39-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C7H4IN.

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 610-97-9, Name is Methyl 2-iodobenzoate, SMILES is O=C(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1I, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is QI, PH, introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C8H7IO2.

ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF GOLD IN IODIDE SOLUTIONS

The electrochemistry of gold in different halide solutions, with special emphasis on iodide is presented. The electrochemical techniques used during this investigation included cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. A glassy carbon rotating disk electrode was used to investigate the electrochemistry of the iodide and a gold rotating disk electrode to explore the oxidation behavior of gold in iodide solutions. The effects of iodide concentration, electrode rotation and sweep rate on the electrochemical behavior of gold were examined. In addition, reduction of iodine species at the gold electrode was also investigated. Iodide is shown to be a powerful complexing agent for gold. Cyclic voltammograms of gold in the presence of 10(-2) M chloride, bromide and iodide, respectively, show that the anodic currents for the oxidation of gold in iodide solution are much greater than that in either bromide or chloride. Two oxidation peaks, which represent the oxidations of Au to Au(I) and to Au(III), were observed. It is confirmed that iodide is oxidized sequentially to tri-iodide and then to iodine and both of these reactions are reversible. At high concentrations of iodide and/or a slow scan rate, passivation, which is caused by the formation of solid iodine at the gold electrode surface, was found. The cathodic reduction curves show that reduction of iodide species on gold is a function of iodine concentrations but it is insensitive to iodide concentration.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 610-97-9 is helpful to your research. HPLC of Formula: C8H7IO2.

Related Products of 460-37-7, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)F, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Rhoden, Kerry J., introduce new discover of the category.

A YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN VARIANT AS AN INTRACELLULAR IODIDE BIOSENSOR IN THYROID CELLS

Iodide is an essential trace element playing a vital role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Circulating iodide is accumulated in the thyroid gland thanks to a specific transporter, the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS). NIS-transported radioisotopes are clinically used to diagnose and treat thyroid cancer, and are being evaluated for radiotargeted cancer therapy and nuclear imaging following NIS gene transfer. Current techniques to measure the cellular accumulation of iodide via NIS in vitro include radiotracers and electrophysiological techniques. Fluorescent proteins are gaining popularity as genetically-encoded biosensors of intracellular events. Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (YFPs) are halide-sensitive, and have been used to monitor intracellular chloride concentration and chloride channel activity. In our laboratory, we have evaluated YFP-H148Q/I152L, a YFP variant with a high affinity and selectivity for iodide, as a potential biosensor of intracellular iodide concentration and NIS-mediated transport. YFP-H148Q/I152L can be transiently or stably expressed in cells by transfection with a cDNA-containing plasmid, resulting in a uniform cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution. Live cell imaging techniques permit dynamic changes in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence to be monitored in small groups of cells or single cells. Iodide uptake can be quantified through calibration in a cell-free solution, or in intact cells permeabilized with ion-selective ionophores. Exposure of FRTL-5 thyroid cells to extracellular iodide produces a rapid and reversible decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence consistent with iodide uptake. Iodide is concentrated up to 60-fold with respect to its extracellular concentration. Fluorescence changes are characterized by a (i) high affinity for extracellular iodide in the micromolar range, (ii) inhibition by the NIS inhibitor perchlorate, (iii) dependence on extracellular Na+, and (iv) regulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), suggesting that they are mediated by NIS. Iodide also induces a perchlorate-sensitive decrease in YFP-H148Q/I152L fluorescence in COS-7 cells expressing ectopic NIS, but has no effect in cells lacking NIS. These results demonstrate that YFP-H148Q/I152L is a sensitive biosensor of iodide uptake in cells expressing endogenous and ectopic NIS. Intracellular iodide detection with YFP-H148Q/I152L may be a promising tool to study NIS function in thyroidal and nonthyroidal cells, to investigate the mechanisms underlying defective iodide transport in thyroid disease, and to identify compounds that augment the therapeutic and imaging potential of NIS-transported radioisotopes.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, SMILES is ICCC(F)(F)F, in an article , author is Yu, ZS, once mentioned of 460-37-7, Name: 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane.

Reactivity of iodide in volcanic soils and noncrystalline soil constituents

Reaction of iodide [I-(aq)] with a series of volcanic-ash soils was compared with reaction onto noncrystalline materials that constitute much of the inorganic fraction of these soils. Our hypothesis is that these high-surface-area materials account for iodide retention by providing sites for anion exchange. Iodide sorption onto imogolite and ferrihydrite is rapid (<30 min) but not particularly extensive; imogolite has a threefold to fourfold greater affinity for iodide compared to ferrihydrite on a mass basis. In contrast, rates of iodide retention by volcanic-ash soils were slow and did not attain a steady-state after 300 h. The extent of this largely irreversible reaction can be attenuated by sterilization, but it cannot be suppressed. The iodide retained by the soils can only be completely recovered by treatment with boiling 2 M sodium hydroxide. The amount of iodide retention by soils was inversely correlated with pH, but showed no relationship with organic matter concentration, surface area, or imogolite and ferrihydrite concentrations. The reaction of iodide with the volcanic-ash soils is consistent with a rapid initial uptake by soil mineral surfaces, followed by a slower reaction of soil organic matter with oxidized forms of iodide. Under our experimental conditions, iodide is likely slowly oxidized by dissolved oxygen to molecular iodine. Solutions of molecular iodine [I-2(aq)] react relatively quickly with laboratory-grade humic acid solutions and the rate increases with increasing pH. The slow rate of iodination is consistent with the continual formation and reaction of I-2(aq) or HOI(aq) by titration with soil organic matter. Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 460-37-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Name: 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane.

88-67-5, Name is 2-Iodobenzoic acid, molecular formula is C7H5IO2, Product Details of 88-67-5, belongs to iodides-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is HUS, M, once mentioned the new application about 88-67-5.

INVESTIGATION OF ION ADSORPTION ON SILVER SULFIDE, IODIDE AND BROMIDE PRECIPITATES BY THE RADIOACTIVE-TRACER TECHNIQUE

The radioactive tracer method was used to investigate the adsorption of iodide and europium ions from aqueous solution on dried isoelectric precipitates of silver sulfide, silver iodide and silver bromide. The relationship between the amount of iodide ions adsorbed on Ag2S and the iodide ion and HNO3 concentrations in the solution was determined. It was shown that the iodide ions adsorbed on Ag2S could be desorbed with sulfide ions. Using Ag2S, AgI and AgBr precipitates, a relationship between the europium ion adsorption and Eu(NO3)3, H2S, NaI, NaBr and NaCl concentration in solution was established. The adsorption of europium ions was also assessed in respect to the presence of lanthanum and barium ions. For adsorption measurement iodide and europium ions were labeled with their radioactive isotopes and the amounts adsorbed were determined from the measured radioactivities of the precipitates after reaching the equilibrium between the solid phase and the solution.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 460-37-7, Name is 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-iodopropane, formurla is C3H4F3I. In a document, author is Lee, JC, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 460-37-7.

Efficient method for alpha-iodination of ketones

alpha-Iodoketones are prepared in high yields from the initial reaction of various ketones with HNIB in CH3CN and subsequent treatment of potassium iodide or samarium(II) iodide.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 3058-39-7, Name is 4-Iodobenzonitrile, SMILES is N#CC1=CC=C(I)C=C1, in an article , author is Hoskins, JS, once mentioned of 3058-39-7, Recommanded Product: 4-Iodobenzonitrile.

Removal and sequestration of iodide using silver-impregnated activated carbon

Two silver-impregnated activated carbons (SIACs) (0.05 and 1.05 wt % silver) and their virgin (i.e., unimpregnated) granular activated carbon (GAC) precursors were investigated for their ability to remove and sequester iodide from aqueous solutions in a series of batch sorption and leaching experiments. Silver content, total iodide concentration, and pH were the factors controlling the removal mechanisms of iodide. Iodide uptake increased with decreasing pH for both SIMS and their virgin GACs. The 0.05% SIAC behaved similarly to its virgin GAC in all experimental conditions because of its low silver content. At pH values of 7 and 8 there was a marked increased in iodide removal for the 1.05% SIAC over that of its virgin GAC, while their performances were similar at a pH of 5. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses prior to reaction with iodide showed the presence of metallic silver agglomerates on the 1.05% SIAC surface. After the reaction, elemental mapping with EDX showed the formation of silver iodide agglomerates. Oxidation of metallic silver was observed in the presence of oxygen, and the carbon surface appears to catalyze this reaction. When the molar ratio of silver to iodide was greater than 1 (i.e., M-Ag,M-SIAC > M-I,M-TOTAL), precipitation of silver iodide was the dominant removal mechanism. However, unreacted silver leached into solution with decreasing pH while iodide leaching did not occur. When MAg,SIAC M-I,M-TOTAL, silver iodide precipitation occurred until all available silver had reacted, and additional iodide was removed from solution by pH-dependent adsorption to the GAC. Under this condition, silver leaching did not occur while iodide leaching increased with increasing pH.

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